Випуск 53

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Analysis of the mechanism of side impact of cars
(Харківський національний автомобільно-дорожній університет, 2023) Shapovalenko, V.; Шаповаленко, Владислав Олексійович
Globally, car crashes are the major cause of death, killing 1.2 million people, and despite improvements in car safety, forecasts indicate that car crash deaths will increase significantly by 2030 due to the increase in the number of cars. Such a trend requires an increase in passive safety in the design of cars. It is also necessary to consider with these factors the most popular segments of SUV cars, which during an accident create more dangerous consequences in the event of a side impact, taking into account the mass and dimensions parameters. Goal. The aim is to conduct an analysis of the side collision mechanism of cars of different mass and dimensional parameters. Taking into account the trends in the sale of cars, identifying the most popular classes of cars in Ukraine both on the new car market and on the second-hand market, to further identify problems in testing cars according to various certification protocols. Methodology. The approaches to solving the tasks used in the work are based on the use of statistical data and comparative analysis of various methodologies and certification protocols. Results. Considering that scientific studies of frontal impact are presented by the scientific community in the broadest form, the study of the side impact of two cars is currently a relevant direction, taking into account the global trend towards the production of cars in the SUV segment, which exceed passenger cars in terms of mass and dimensions. In a road accident with a side impact of a passenger car and an off-road vehicle of the SUV segment, we will get a large difference in the height of the primary impact, which is 250 millimeters. That is, all the energy of the impact to the side of the passenger car falls not on the safety bar, but 250 millimeters higher, which will nevitably lead to fatal injuries to the driver and passenger. Unfortunately, the European NCAP and the US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration use moving barriers that are similar in terms of mass and dimensions to an average passenger car. Originality. The obtained results of the analysis of the mechanism of the car side collision make it possible to evaluate the current trend of the automobile market in terms of passive safety and, in particular, to conduct certification tests for side impact in a new way. Practical value. The obtained results can be recommended when studying the structural features of preparing and conducting crash tests.
Energy aspects of automobile transport development
(Харківський національний автомобільно-дорожній університет, 2023) Borodenko, Y.; Hnatov, A.; Arhun, S.; Sokhin, P.; Бороденко, Юрій Миколайович; Гнатов, Андрій Вікторович; Аргун, Щасяна Валіковна
Improving automobile transport means increasing fuel economy and environmental indicators. Fuel, in a broad sense, means energy used to activate the car's power plant. Potential energy is dispersed in the earth’s interior, on its surface, in the atmospheric air, and even in space. Moreover, some of them exist in different substances. On the one hand, the efficiency of an energy product use is assessed by its energy intensity; on the other hand, it is evaluated by the costs of its production (transportation) and the quality of its transformation into a consumer type of energy. Special attention is paid to renewable and unlimited kinds of energy sources. Goal. The purpose of the study is a qualitative analysis of the road transport development direction from the standpoint of the alternative energy sources use, taking into account the factors that comprehensively determine the economic and environmental indicators at the stages of production and processing of fossil raw materials, production of power plants and conversion, transformation, and transportation of energy in the field of transport technologies. Methodology. The first direction consists of the adaptation (conversion) of the design of thermal internal combustion engines for alternative liquid or gaseous fuel types. The advantage of this approach is minimal costs for engine conversion and fuel production. The second approach involves using hybrid power plants, consisting of a main and auxiliary engine, an energy source or accumulator, an energy converter, and a braking recuperation system. The third direction is the use of non-traditional energy sources. Results. The directions of the development of power plants for motor vehicles related to the increase in the energy density of hydrocarbon fuels, the use of hybrid power plants, and the use of alternative energy sources have been determined. A qualitative assessment of the considered approaches is given. Originality. A comprehensive approach to evaluating the effectiveness of using alternative types of energy in road transport is considered in terms of energy, economic, and environmental indicators. Practical value. The obtained results can be regarded as recommendations when drawing up plans for the evolution of industries of fossil extraction and transformation of other energy resources, the development of motor vehicles, and transport infrastructure technologies, taking into account the natural and industrial potential of the country.
Regarding the issue of aquaplaning and the interaction of a car tire with the road surface through a layer of water
(Харківський національний автомобільно-дорожній університет, 2023) Frolov, A.; Leontiev, D.; Don, E.; Фролов, Андрій Анатолійович; Леонтьєв, Дмитро Миколайович; Дон, Євген Юрійович
The process of interaction of a pneumatic tire of a car wheel with the surface of the road surface, which is covered with a layer of water, affects the safety of the vehicle movement, therefore, the assessment of the effect of aquaplaning when writing the conclusions of the auto technical examination is an actual direction of research. The study of the effect of aquaplaning will allow forensic experts and specialists in the automotive industry to make an objective analysis and form non-subjective conclusions. Goal. The purpose of the work is to determine the design parameters and operational features of the pneumatic tire, as well as the speed of the vehicle on the process of interaction of the car wheel tire with the surface of the road coating, which is covered with a layer of water. Methodology. The approaches adopted in the work to solve the set goals are based on the theory of aquaplaning, the theory of the interaction of the pneumatic tire with the road surface, the theory of the vehicle and the laws of theoretical mechanics. Results. The obtained results of the research in the form of an analysis make it possible to assess the impact of the aquaplaning effect of a pneumatic tire on road safety. It was established that the thickness of the water layer affects the conditions for meeting the requirements established by the traffic rules, since the decrease in the height of the tire tread pattern leads to unstable contact of the tire with the road surface. Originality. The results of the study provided an opportunity to get an idea of the influence of the design parameters of tires on road safety in terms of forming the conclusions of the motor-technical examination. Practical value. The obtained results can be recommended to forensic experts when writing expert opinions and for expert research.
Review and analysis of damage and existing systems of protecting tower cranes under the influence of a blast wave
(Харківський національний автомобільно-дорожній університет, 2023) Gorbatyuk, Y.; Bulavka, O.; Горбатюк, Євген Володимирович; Булавка, Олег Олександрович
The problem of assessing the technical condition of stationary tower cranes of various types by expert organizations in order to determine the possibility of their further operation and the methods of capital repair is relevant. At the same time, one should take into account the nature of the consequences of damage to metal structures and the type of repair, if it is at all possible. The topic of the article is of a practical nature. An attempt was made to have an initial representation and visual analysis of the condition of different types of tower cranes under the conditions of explosive air shock waves depending on the distance to the cranes. The article attempts to substantiate the consequences of the destruction of metal structures, mechanisms or protection systems and to point out some regularities that require close attention during the operation of tower cranes and their further research. Goal. The purpose of the work was to make a damage survey of the different types of tower cranes that have been damaged and their existing protection systems and to provide assumptions for further research on the stability of tower cranes in the conditions of air shock waves. Methodology. The approaches adopted in the work to solve the set goal are based on the conditional division into categories of damage to stationary tower cranes under the action of air shock waves. The results. The analysis of damage to tower cranes will make it possible to take into account in the future the development of typical projects in accordance with the technical documentation regarding their disassembly-assembly, types of repairs, etc. Originality. The study of the stability of tower cranes under the conditions of air shock waves is a rare and specific direction in the field of engineering research. Therefore, the results of this study will fill the gaps in scientific literature and engineering practice. Practical meaning. The results of the study can lead to the development of new approaches and recommendations for the design of tower cranes taking into account possible air shock waves. This will allow engineers to create safer and more reliable designs for working in hazardous environments.
The method of determining the parameters of the soil prism formed in front of the dump during digging
(Харківський національний автомобільно-дорожній університет, 2023) Shevchenko, V.; Olieinikova, O.; Ragulin, V.; Шевченко, Валерій Олександрович; Олєйнікова, Олександра Михайлівна; Рагулін, Віталій Миколайович
The studied dynamic process of digging, taking into account the variable total moving mass of wheeled ZTM equipped with a dump, is not sufficient for the development of recommendations for selecting rational parameters for the performance of such a technological operation. The issue of determining and analyzing the parameters of the variable mass and volume of the material prism moved by the dumper has not been sufficiently investigated. There in no engineering technique that allows you to determine the parameters of the material prism that is gradually forming before dumping. Methodology. The measures are aimed at determining the parameters of the soil prism before the dump in the digging process using analytical dependencies. Results. For the processes of development and analysis of dynamic models of machines with a shovel working body for the stages of digging and transportation of material, it is necessary to take into account its mass in the form of mass attached to the mass of the machine itself. Originality. The obtained dependencies allow to take into account the variable mass of the attached material when performing the analysis of the bulldozer movement in the process of digging the environment being developed. Practical value. The obtained results can be recommended when studying the disciplines of industrial mechanical engineering.
Загальні відомості про збірку
(Харківський національний автомобільно-дорожній університет, 2023)

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