Variability in the interpretation of information in the investigation of road traffic incidents using 3D scanning devices

Abstract

One of the key challenges in the investigation of road traffic accidents (RTAs) is the reliable determination of the collision mechanism between vehicles, especially in cases where the vehicles have been moved from the scene. Traditional methods of documentation and analysis often lack sufficient accuracy and objectivity. Goal. The aim of this study is to identify the mechanism of collision between two vehicles by analyzing and comparing their geometric damage patterns obtained via 3D scanning, followed by determining their actual relative positioning at the moment of initial contact. Methodology. To achieve this goal, a portable 3D scanner Artec Leo was used, enabling high-precision scanning of vehicles regardless of their location. The resulting 3D models of the damaged vehicles were aligned with each other and with a digital version of the accident scene diagram. During the analysis, vehicle orientation angles, the location of primary contact, movement directions, and damage characteristics were determined. Results. It was established that the collision occurred at an angle of 8–10° within the driving lane of vehicle 1. This conclusion is supported by the alignment of damage areas, the position of the front right headlamp of vehicle 1, and the distribution of glass and plastic fragments. The zone of initial contact was localized within 2 meters from the right edge of the carriageway. Originality. An integrated approach to digital traffic accident reconstruction using 3D scanning is proposed, allowing for accurate analysis even without access to the original accident scene. Practical value. The methodology can be applied in forensic vehicle examination, court investigations, and insurance case assessments to objectively determine the circumstances of a traffic collision.