Випуск 52

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ЗАГАЛЬНІ ВІДОМОСТІ ПРО ЖУРНАЛ
(Харківський національний автомобільно-дорожній університет, 2023)
Michelin Uptis - Are airless tires the future of the automotive industry?
(Харківський національний автомобільно-дорожній університет, 2023) Nikolov, Nikola Oka; Siegfried, Patrick; Ніколов, Нікола Ока; Зігфрід, Патрік
Problem. The paper addresses the question of whether the conversion of the entire automotive industry to airless tires, specifically focusing on the Michelin Uptis concept, is economically realistic and technically feasible for high-performance vehicles. Goal. The goal of the paper is to investigate and analyze the technical feasibility and economic impacts of airless tires, specifically the Michelin Uptis, through expert interviews, literature review, and research methodology. Methodology. The research methodology involves various research methods, including expert interviews, literature research, journal articles, press releases, and expert opinions. The paper relies on current and relevant sources to provide a comprehensive understanding of the topic. Expert interviews with industry professionals, such as Philipp Kranich from Mercedes Benz Consulting and Jochen Konrad, a tire developer at Pirelli, provide additional insights. Results. The technical feasibility of airless tires, specifically the Michelin Uptis, is examined, highlighting advantages such as puncture protection and environmental friendliness. However, concerns are raised regarding the structure's resilience, potential damage to spokes, weight and energy efficiency, and suitability for high-performance vehicles. The economic impacts of airless tires are also discussed, including the potential reduction in tire orders, changes in aftermarket services, logistical adaptations, and the pricing challenges associated with the Uptis concept. Originality and Practical Value. This paper offers an analysis of the technical and economic aspects of airless tires, specifically focusing on the Michelin Uptis concept. It provides expert insights, reviews relevant literature, and addresses the original research question. The findings contribute to the understanding of the feasibility and potential implications of airless tires in the automotive industry, aiding decision makers in assessing the practical value and viability of adopting this tire technology.
Analysis of structures and application of different types of engines in cars
(Харківський національний автомобільно-дорожній університет, 2023) Kuzhelnyi, Yaroslav; Venzheha, Volodymyr; Pasov, Hennadiі; Klymenko, Valeriy; Кужельний, Ярослав Володимирович; Венжега, Володимир Іванович; Пасов, Геннадій Володимирович; Клименко, Валерій Іванович
Problem. The publication analyzes the structures and application of various types of engines in a car, which allows to determine the structural aspects, features of placement and operation of engines, their future application prospects. Purpose. The purpose of the work is to analyze the design and operation of engines used in modern cars, to determine their advantages and disadvantages, and the prospects for the development and application of various types of engines. Methodology. The approaches adopted in the work to achieve the set goal consist in the analysis of designs of various types of engines of modern cars, their layout and features of their use. Results. The paper includes a comparative analysis of various types of engines used in modern cars. The peculiarity of the design and structure of internal combustion engines, electric cars and hybrid cars is considered. The scheme of the general configuration of electric vehicles, possible configurations of electric vehicles, layout schemes of hybrid cars are given. The advantages and disadvantages of each type of engine, the main prospects for their development and application are shown. Originality. The conducted analysis of the design features of various types of engines that are installed in modern cars allows us to formulate a general idea about the peculiarities of the operation of cars with the considered types of engines. Practical meaning. The obtained results of the analysis and the given advantages and disadvantages in the use of different types of engines allow us to formulate the main directions in the development of structures and the prospects of their application in different types of cars.
A review of the automated guided vehicle systems: dispatching systems and navigation concept
(Харківський національний автомобільно-дорожній університет, 2023) Bourafa, Rami; Siegfried, Patrick; Арафа, Рамі; Зігфрід, Патрік
Problem. As one of the three key elements of flexible manufacturing systems (FMS), automated guided vehicles (AGVs) play a significant role in material handling systems. They've been around for more than a decade, primarily in Europe. AGVs were formerly utilized mostly in production lines, but due to recent industrial development, they now play a vital role in a variety of different applications and domains, including warehouses, port facilities, transportation systems, and even the medical sector. Goal. The purpose of the work is to analyze two methods of AGV control and the paths that the AGV should follow during transport operations, taking into account safety and limitations for heavy loads that need to be transported in difficult conditions. Methodology. We attempted to provide a summary of the two existing AGV control methods, centralized and decentralized control offered by major manufacturers in this study. Almost all function in a centralized manner, with a single central controller controlling the whole fleet of AGVs. The author sees a tendency toward decentralized systems in which AGVs make individual decisions in favor of transportation flexibility, robustness, and adaptability. A brief explanation of well-known and mature navigation technologies used by AGVs in the industry is also provided, along with both physical and virtual paths to be followed by the AGV during transportation operations, since these technologies get to be a key issue given the safety constraints, particularly for heavy loads to be transported in challenging environments. Results. This paper covers one of the key tasks that must be completed in order to control an AGV system for a central and decentral architecture, for which we have already given a broad overview, as well as the differences between the architectures and their benefits and drawbacks. Originality. The author sees that the merging of various techniques we have will lead to more and new challenges as well as innovations, however, that practical application of distributed control still requires further research and studies and has a way to go in terms of taking other sections such as safety and sustainability into account. Practical value. The primary benefits and drawbacks of various technologies are discussed, as well as how we might improve the efficiency of some of them.
Methodology for determining bottlenecks on the city's street-road network by analyzing GPS track data
(Харківський національний автомобільно-дорожній університет, 2023) Riabushenko, Oleksandr; Рябушенко, Олександр Васильович
Problem. The article considers the issue of determining the location of "bottlenecks" on the highways of large cities based on the study of the vehicle's driving mode, obtained as a result of GPS data processing and analysis. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to develop and test the methodology for identifying potential "bottlenecks" on the city's freeway by analyzing the GPS track data of the car. The subject of the study is the interrelationship of the characteristics of the sections of the city’s street road network (SRN) with the parameters characterizing the vehicle movement mode in the traffic flow. Methodology. Two experimental routes with the same starting and ending points were chosen to obtain data on traffic conditions on the SRN of the city of Kharkiv, which correspond to typical routes of official movement of personal transport on weekdays. During the movement of the car along the specified routes, GPS tracks were obtained, whose processing made it possible to determine the driving condi tions along the entire length of the routes. Results. The work presents a method of researching the vehicle's driving mode by analyzing GPS track data; the determined indicators of the traffic regime, which can be effectively used as criteria for determining potential "bottlenecks" on the city's SRN; the methodology was tested on real traffic routes on the SRN of the city of Kharkiv. For selected routes, the work presents histograms of instantaneous speed distribution, graphs of car movement in "distance - speed" and "time - speed" coordinates. Graphs of changes in specific time in motion, specific idle time, speed gradient, energy gradient, Hermann-Prygozhin criterion were obtained for individual kilometer segments of routes. The specific idle time and the Herman-Prygozhin criterion turned out to be the most effective criteria for the purposes of determining the "bottlenecks" of SRN. Originality. An experimental technique was developed and tested, which allows to determine the potential "bottlenecks" of the city's SRN as a result of conducting short-term and not labor-intensive research. The proposed approach does not require the presence of specialized equipment or software, which makes this method effective when conducting scientific research. Practical value. The possibility of using the proposed method of data processing of GPS tracks to analyze traffic conditions on the city highway and identify potential "bot tlenecks" was shown. For the selected routes in Kharkiv, such sections turned out to be Vesnina St. (beyond the intersection with Pushkinska St.); Heroes of Stalingrad Ave. (access to the intersection from Leva Landau Ave.); Gagarina Ave. (access to the intersection with Kashtanova St.)
Developing a coordinated regulation schedule to prevent damage to the environment by vehicles and improve the structure of the energy system: evidence from the city of Baku (Azerbaijan)
(Харківський національний автомобільно-дорожній університет, 2023) Baghirov, Mirhamid; Багіров, Мірхамід
Problem. The scale of road traffic is constantly increasing all over the world, which is the basis and indispensable condition for sustainable economic growth, on the one hand, and the source of a complex of transport and environmental problems, on the other. One of the most pressing problems is the congestion of road networks. Goal. The purpose of the article is the analysis of the way to organize the creation of an effective system that controls traffic in an urban agglomeration. Methodology. This article analyzed the case of one of the main avenues of Baku to develop a coordinated regulation schedule for reducing vehicles dam age to the environment by waiting at a red light, as well as for improving the structure of the energy system in the developing countries, especially in Ukraine, which has been suffering from war. Results. For this reason, in the article a proposal was made to improve the efficiency of traffic management at the main inter section of Matbuat avenue in Baku, the number of vehicles moving on the avenue was studied and the traffic light timings report was made at all intersections, the reports were adapted to the main roadway, and a green wave graph was constructed. Originality. The methodology for estimating environmental and economic damage from the impact of motor vehicles on the urban ecosystem, including indexation coefficient has been improved. The methodical bases of the design of a complex of environmental measures to reduce the impact of vehicles on the environment of Baku have been substantiated. The article provides a basis for the design of a complex of environmental measures. Practical value. A set of measures has been developed to reduce pollution from city vehicles, which can be used in regional and municipal programs.
Assessment of impact of priority movement for urban public passenger transport on the quality of passenger service
(Харківський національний автомобільно-дорожній університет, 2023) Vdovychenko, Volodymyr; Ivanov, Igor; Pidlubnyi, Serhii; Vasyliev, Mykyta; Вдовиченко, Володимир Олексійович; Іванов, Ігор Євгенович; Підлубний, Сергій Юрійович; Васильєв, Микита Костянтинович
Problem. The article presents a view on solving the problem of the management formation measures to improve the quality of public transport services through the feasibility justification of im plementing priority movement of urban public passenger transport in relation to the assessment of pas sengers' perception of the actual travel time along the route. Goal. The purpose of the work is to estab lish a characteristic relationship between the traffic parameters of route vehicles in the conditions of the priority of urban public passenger transport and time indicators of the quality assessment of pas senger transport services. Method. The methodological basis for establishing a connection between traffic parameters in terms of the priority of urban public passenger transport and time indicators for evaluating the quality of transport service is a set of developed analytical models that describe the process of formation of passenger exchange at stopping points and time parameters of vehicle move ment. Results. On the basis of the functional connection for the selected structure of the research object, it was established that the implementation of the urban public passenger transport priority with the organization of traffic on special lanes and unhindered passage of regulated intersections plays a sig nificant role in improving the quality of passenger transport services. Originality. The assessment of the quality of transport service is based on establishing the level of compliance of each passenger's actual travel time with the previously planned. The use of travel time as a primary evaluation indicator is due to its leading role in the formation of quality criteria and the presence of influence on the param eters that determine the level of transport supply on the route. Practical meaning. The distribution of passengers at stops on route No. 24 «micro-district 602 – Akademika Pavlova subway st.» (Kharkiv, Ukraine) was obtained during modeling between the levels of perception of the quality of transport service showed that for everyday conditions, 8.9% and 27.8% of passengers (36.7% in total) receive a high-quality and suitable assessment, for traffic priority by sections – 32.3% and 64% (96.3% in total), when organizing priority passage at the intersection – 57.5% and 40.4% (97.9% in total). The obtained results indicate the expediency of implementing priority traffic from the standpoint of assessing the level of improvement in the quality of passenger service.
To the issue of decomposition of mathematical models of disturbed motion of complex discrete-continuous dynamic systems
(Харківський національний автомобільно-дорожній університет, 2023) Aleksandrov, Evgeniy; Aleksandrova, Tatyana; Morgun, Yaroslav; Kholodov, Mykhailo; Yarita, Oleksandr; Shapovalenko, Vladyslav; Александров, Євген Євгенович; Александрова, Тетяна Євгенівна; Холодов, Михайло Павлович; Моргун, Ярослав Юрійович; Ярита, Олександр Олександрович; Шаповаленко, Владислав Олексійович
Problem. Usually, complex dynamic systems are characterized by a high order of equations in their mathematical models and intricate interconnections among subsystems that constitute the complex dynamic system. Naturally, the analysis and synthesis of complex dynamic systems require the use of powerful computational systems with vast memory and high processing speed. Goal. The aim is quantitative assessment of the influence of the continuum part of a dynamic system on the behavior of its discrete part and the possibility to perform decomposition of the mathematical model of perturbed motion of a discrete-continuum system based on this assessment. Methodology. The measures are aimed at addressing issues that are based on the discrete-continuum capabilities and their decomposition. Results. For three types of complex dynamic systems described by infinite-dimensional systems of ordinary differential equations, quantitative assessments of the influence of the continuum part on the discrete part of the system have been proposed. These assessments determine the decomposition of the mathematical models of perturbed motion for such systems. Originality. Simplified mathematical models for three types of discrete-continuous dynamic systems were obtained. Practical value. The obtained results can be recommended for the study of the specialized course on the motion characteristics of cargo trucks during the transportation of liquids in tanks. Through optimization using the MATLAB software package, it is possible to simulate various parameters of both the cargo truck and the cargo being transported.
Optimization of key gear parameters to reduce weight
(Харківський національний автомобільно-дорожній університет, 2023) Voropay, Alexey; Koriak, Olexandr; Bogdan, Dmytro; Neskreba, Eduard; Воропай, Олексій Валерійович; Коряк, Олександр Олексійович; Богдан, Дмитро Іванович; Нескреба, Едуард Євгенійович
Problem. The problems of designing, and especially improving, mechanical gears are of key importance in modern mechanical engineering and automotive transport. Gear transmissions are quite widespread relative to other mechanical transmissions because they have a number of crucial advantages. Gear transmissions are widely used in a variety of drives for vehicle components and assemblies, with modern development trends aimed at reducing their weight and size. As the size of the transmission decreases, the dimensions of other parts and assemblies also decrease, and, accordingly, their cost. Therefore, research related to the study of the interdependence of the main parameters of gears for the purpose of their further optimization does not lose its relevance. Goal. The main purpose of this work is to study the dependence of the mass and dimensions of the gears under study on their main parameters. Knowing the influence of various characteristics on the mass, it is possible to provide recommendations for the design of gears to achieve their optimal (smallest) dimensions, which leads to a number of significant advantages. Methodology. First of all, a rather detailed analysis of the scientific literature is performed in order to identify the main statements regarding the influence of certain parameters on the mass and dimensions of the designed gear. The very dependencies of the gear mass on its various characteristics are found by applying a numerical method that is entirely based on the known design dependencies for the design calculation of gears. Also, to compare the results obtained analytically, the method of calculating the mass and dimensions by creating 3D models of gears in the "Autodesk Inventor" environment is used in the work. Results. Based on the results obtained, it can be noted that, ceteris paribus, including gear load, the weight is almost independent of the module and the relative width ratio. At the same time, in some cases, a particular standard value can significantly affect the weight of the gear, i.e., by selecting specific values, it is possible to reduce the weight of the gear by about 15-25%. Originality. Useful results were obtained using a relatively affordable method. The research was conducted both analytically and with the use of modern computer-aided design systems. Practical value. The proposed recommendations for the rational choice of some characteristics of gears will reduce the weight and dimensions of the mechanical drive.
Technological methods of improving the quality and productivity of processing car engine parts
(Харківський національний автомобільно-дорожній університет, 2023) Kalchenko, Volodymyr; Venzheha, Volodymyr; Kuzhelnyi, Yaroslav; Klymenko, Valeriy; Кальченко, Володимир Віталійович; Венжега, Володимир Іванович; Кужельний, Ярослав Володимирович; Клименко, Валерій Іванович
Problem. The most high-precision parts of the car engine are camshaft and crankshaft, parts that require two-sided processing of the end surfaces: piston pins, valve springs. Traditional processing methods are used in their manufacture and repair. Therefore, taking into account the large volumes of car production, the improvement of existing and development of new processing methods is very important. Goal. The purpose of this work is the analysis and improvement of existing methods and the implementation for new ones of processing the specified parts to increase the productivity and accuracy of their processing. Methodology. The processing of support necks and cams is expedient to be carried out in one installation during deep high-speed grinding with crossed axes of the circle and camshaft due to stabilization of the cutting depth and feed along the contour with uneven rotation of the part. The method of high-speed milling of camshaft cams with crossed axes of the tool and parts on CNC machines is also promising. Root and connecting rod necks of crankshafts can be processed in one installation by deep high-speed grinding with crossed axes of the circle and the part due to stabilization of the depth of cutting and feed along the contour with uniform rotation of the part. For end surfaces, it is possible to introduce single-pass processing on double-sided end grinding machines with oriented grinding wheels with calibration areas. Results. The obtained results indicate a 25-30% increase in productivity and processing accuracy of the specified parts. Originality. It is used when processing the effect of the intersection of the axes of the tool and the part and carrying out a special correction of the tool, which allows to obtain a calibration area. Practical value. The proposed methods improve the parameters of accuracy, roughness and productivity of processing, which is an important scientific and practical task, whose solution will allow to increase the service life of car components and assemblies, reduce the cost of their production, and raise the level of competitiveness of products and services.
Computer modeling and software research of car and engine parts
(Харківський національний автомобільно-дорожній університет, 2023) Kalchenko, Volodymyr; Kolohoida, Antonina; Pasov, Gennadiy; Sira, Nataliia; Klymenko, Valeriy; Кальченко, Володимир Віталійович; Кологойда, Антоніна Вікторівна; Пасов, Генадій Володимирович; Сіра, Наталія Миколаївна; Клименко, Валерій Іванович
Problem. The development of automotive technology for various purposes and the improvement of existing car models, requires a fast and flexible design process. Spatial models of details and nodes are the starting points for design, and the necessary design documentation is performed on their basis. When manufacturing parts on CNC machines, it is necessary to quickly obtain a control program that will increase the accuracy of the product by ensuring the optimal trajectory of the mutual movement of the part and the tool. Therefore, the creation of a comprehensive methodology for the design of car parts, their basic inspection and obtaining design documentation is an important technical task. Goal. The main goal of the work is to determine the rational sequence and basic principles of computer-aided design, research and manufacturing of car and engine parts, and the development of mathematical spatial models of surfaces in order to optimize control programs for CNC machines. Methodology. The approaches adopted in the work for solving the set goal are based on general design principles. The methods of conducting static and dynamic calculations, as well as spatial mathematical modeling of the processes of manufacturing parts were also used. Results. A comprehensive methodology for designing parts of engines and cars has been developed. The main principles of creating spatial models have been determined in order to achieve their flexibility and simple editing. Methods of automating the development of drawings and design documentation are described. The software options for the primary verification of static strength and frequency analysis are considered. A calculation program has been developed for constructing transient and amplitude-phase-frequency characteristics. The mathematical spatial modeling of typical surfaces of the camshaft is provided with the aim of further research and optimization of the development of a control program for processing on a CNC machine tool. Originality. The defined basic principles of designing parts of engines and cars provide an opportunity to create a flexible spatial model and more fully automate the process of drawing up technical documentation. The developed mathematical spatial models of the supporting and working surfaces of the camshaft make it possible to write a control program with the determination of the optimal trajectory of the mutual movement of the part and the tool. Practical value. The obtained results can be recommended when designing car parts and assemblies.
Physical foundations of vehicle stability when moving uphill and at longitudinal roll back
(Харківський національний автомобільно-дорожній університет, 2023) Kolisnyk, Mykola; Berezyk, Anatolii; Lykhodii, Oleksandr; Chevchenko, Andrii; Chervonoshtan, Andrii; Колісник, Микола Прокопович; Березюк, Анатолій Миколайович; Лиходій, Олександр Сергійович; Шевченко, Андрій Федорович; Червоноштан, Андрій Леонідович
Problem. The determination of the stages of stability for vehicles as technical systems when moving uphill on an inclined section of the road and their possible longitudinal roll back is considered. The considered stages ensure the safe operation of vehicles in various conditions and with various combinations of the values of the parameters that are included in the proposed equations characterizing the stability of the vehicle. Goal. The purpose of the paper is to improve the method of researching the physical foundations of the stability of vehicles when moving uphill on an inclined plane, the formation of mathematical models, which allows to significantly improve the mathematical support of the methods of calculating the stability of two-axle vehicles (cars, trucks, tractors, special and specialized vehicles, etc.) Methodology. The approaches adopted in the work to achieve the set goal are based on the classical laws of the mechanics of free-standing or moving objects, namely: the principle of possible movements, where calculated dynamic and mathematical models with their solutions are able to preserve the given conditions and parameters, and characterize the state of stability of the vehicle in case of its longitudinal roll back. Results. It was established and confirmed by a numerical examples that the longitudinal stability of a vehicle moving uphill depends on the longitudinal road slope, the vehicle design, the elasticity of the road surface, the critical overturning angle of the vehicle and its weight parameters. Originality. The proposed mathematical model of the longitudinal stability of the vehicle when moving uphill showed that its solution significantly depends on the values of the geometric parameters of the uphill and the vehicle, and also depends on the position of the center of gravity of the vehicle relative to the surface of the road surface. Practical value. The obtained equations for determining the values of the stability parameters of the vehicle when moving uphill on an inclined road section make it possible to specify the parameters for ensuring the logistics of vehicles in the conditions of their operation on uphill.

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