Mechanisms for support and effective interaction between the energy and transport sectors in Azerbaijan

Abstract

This article examines the concept of «green» transport, based on three interrelated theoretical approaches: decarbonization and energy transition; sustainable mobility; and energy synergy and systems integration. Key areas of energy–transport integration are analyzed, including transport electrification, development of charging infrastructure integrated with the power grid, management of transport energy consumption aligned with renewable generation schedules, and utilization of vehicle battery systems as distributed energy storage. The integration of the transport and energy sectors is highlighted as particularly important for Azerbaijan, providing a transition from a petroleum-based energy model to a framework of coordinated management of renewable energy distribution and storage, transforming transport into an instrument of national energy strategy. The study examines global experience to identify critical factors for successful sectoral transformation and to formulate recommendations applicable to countries with diverse economic structures and energy infrastructures. The research emphasizes that increasing the number of electric vehicles without integrated load management can strain existing power grid infrastructure, causing peak loads and reducing system stability. The article develops and substantiates an Evolutionary Multi-Level Systemic Model of Energy–Transport Coupling, which integrates renewable energy expansion, transport electrification, digital coordination mechanisms, institutional regulation, and transnational integration into a unified architecture. The model demonstrates that quantitative growth in electric mobility alone is insufficient for systemic sustainability: coordinated load management, smart charging, Vehicle-to-Grid integration, and alignment with renewable generation are essential. The findings provide both conceptual and practical guidance for advancing low-carbon mobility, enhancing energy security, improving economic efficiency, and supporting environmental sustainability in a hydrocarbon-dependent transition economy.